Sara Eilers
ETE 210
ETE 210
Introduction to Human Development
What is Developmental Psychology?
-Study of how people change over time
-Study of growth and aging in people
-Developmental stages across the human lifespan
-Developmental psychologists conduct basic and applied research in:
-Bodies and minds are constantly changing and growing, so it's important to understand what those changes are to help our students in ways that is best for them.
-Study of growth and aging in people
-Developmental stages across the human lifespan
-Developmental psychologists conduct basic and applied research in:
- Age-related changes in neurobiological development
- Emotional and social development
- Cognitive-intellectual development and language acquisition
-Bodies and minds are constantly changing and growing, so it's important to understand what those changes are to help our students in ways that is best for them.
Beginnings
Teratogens
Ionizing Radiation
Chemicals
Category D Drugs
Category X Drugs
Toxoplasma
Syphilis Bacteria
Viruses
When the baby is growing in the mother's uterus, it is important that the mother takes care of herself and is careful as to what she exposes herself and the baby to. Taking these precautions will significantly increase the chances for a healthy, fully developed child.
- Agents that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus.
- May cause birth defects in the child
- May halt the pregnancy outright
Ionizing Radiation
- Exposure to radiation can lead to abnormal brain development, mental retardation, and leukemia can result in the infant
Chemicals
- Different chemicals can lead to damage of neural system, mental retardation, behavioral and cognitive problems, blindness, infant death, or even spontaneous abortions
Category D Drugs
- Several Category D drugs have definite teratogenic effects of a human fetus
- Other Category D drugs, such as several antibiotics, neurologic, and psychiatric drugs can be helpful during pregnancy
Category X Drugs
- Category X Drugs have high teratogenic risks, including underdeveloped arms and legs, defects of internal organs, and facial abnormalities
- Category X Drugs include birth control and fertility drugs
Toxoplasma
- Toxoplasma can be found in cat's feces or by eating undercooked meats
- Exposure to toxoplasma during pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or underdevelopment of the brain in the infant or brain calcifications, blindness, and seizures
Syphilis Bacteria
- Syphilis infection can be a cause of fetal death and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or the baby can die within several days of life
- If the baby survives, there is high risk for snuffles, liver and spleen enlargement and dysfunction, meningitis, and inflammatory skin rash
Viruses
- Rubella- congenital heart defects, deafness, and blindness
- Cytomegalovirus- 90% of babies born with exposure have no symptoms. It can be a cause of underdevelopment of the brain, calcifications inside of the brain, blindness, deafness, or dysfunction of liver and spleen
- Herpes- fetal death, underdevelopment/calcification of the brain, blindness, or abnormal limb formation
- Varicella Zoster Virus- (Mother has Chickenpox or Shingles during pregnancy) underdeveloped limbs, brain or eye malformations, and scarring
- Cocaine use can lead to cysts in a baby's brain
- Amphetamine use has shown evidence of congenital heart defects
- Both may lead to low birth weight, or even to fetal or infant death
- Smoking, chewing tobacco, or second-hand cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy effects blood vessels and reduces blood flow in the uterus, so not enough nutrients are delivered to the baby and creates fetal starvation
- Nicotine effects lead to fetal growth retardation, premature delivery, and low birth weight
- Mental retardation can result and is the most comment effect of alcohol impact on an unborn child
- Can cause an abnormally small head, small eyes or other deformities int he face, congenital heart defects, and deformities of the legs or arms
When the baby is growing in the mother's uterus, it is important that the mother takes care of herself and is careful as to what she exposes herself and the baby to. Taking these precautions will significantly increase the chances for a healthy, fully developed child.